Koh, Seong-HoLiang, Anna C.Takahashi, YokoMaki, TakakuniShindo, AkihiroOsumi, NorikoZhao, JingLin, HongHolder, Julie C.Chuang, Tsu TshenMcNeish, John D.Arai, KenLo, Eng2015-11-032015Koh, S., A. C. Liang, Y. Takahashi, T. Maki, A. Shindo, N. Osumi, J. Zhao, et al. 2015. “Differential Effects of Isoxazole-9 on Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells, Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells, and Endothelial Progenitor Cells.” PLoS ONE 10 (9): e0138724. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138724.1932-6203http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23473939Adult mammalian brain can be plastic after injury and disease. Therefore, boosting endogenous repair mechanisms would be a useful therapeutic approach for neurological disorders. Isoxazole-9 (Isx-9) has been reported to enhance neurogenesis from neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). However, the effects of Isx-9 on other types of progenitor/precursor cells remain mostly unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of Isx-9 on the three major populations of progenitor/precursor cells in brain: NSPCs, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Cultured primary NSPCs, OPCs, or EPCs were treated with various concentrations of Isx-9 (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 μM), and their cell numbers were counted in a blinded manner. Isx-9 slightly increased the number of NSPCs and effectively induced neuronal differentiation of NSPCs. However, Isx-9 significantly decreased OPC number in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting cytotoxicity. Isx-9 did not affect EPC cell number. But in a matrigel assay of angiogenesis, Isx-9 significantly inhibited tube formation in outgrowth endothelial cells derived from EPCs. This potential anti-tube-formation effect of Isx-9 was confirmed in a brain endothelial cell line. Taken together, our data suggest that mechanisms and targets for promoting stem/progenitor cells in the central nervous system may significantly differ between cell types.en-USJournal Article2015-11-0310.1371/journal.pone.0138724