Person: Krajewski, Katherine
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Krajewski
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Katherine
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Krajewski, Katherine
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Publication Fluid Retention Associated with Imatinib Treatment in Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: Quantitative Radiologic Assessment and Implications for Management(The Korean Society of Radiology, 2015) Kim, Kyung Won; Shinagare, Atul B.; Krajewski, Katherine; Pyo, Junhee; Tirumani, Sree Harsha; Jagannathan, Jyothi; Ramaiya, Nikhil H.Objective: We aimed to describe radiologic signs and time-course of imatinib-associated fluid retention (FR) in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and its implications for management. Materials and Methods In this Institutional Review Board-approved, retrospective study of 403 patients with GIST treated with imatinib, 15 patients with imaging findings of FR were identified by screening radiology reports, followed by manual confirmation. Subcutaneous edema, ascites, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion were graded on a four-point scale on CT scans; total score was the sum of these four scores. Results: The most common radiologic sign of FR was subcutaneous edema (15/15, 100%), followed by ascites (12/15, 80%), pleural effusion (11/15, 73%), and pericardial effusion (6/15, 40%) at the time of maximum FR. Two distinct types of FR were observed: 1) acute/progressive FR, characterized by acute aggravation of FR and rapid improvement after management, 2) intermittent/steady FR, characterized by occasional or persistent mild FR. Acute/progressive FR always occurred early after drug initiation/dose escalation (median 1.9 month, range 0.3-4.0 months), while intermittent/steady FR occurred at any time. Compared to intermittent/steady FR, acute/progressive FR was severe (median score, 5 vs. 2.5, p = 0.002), and often required drug-cessation/dose-reduction. Conclusion: Two distinct types (acute/progressive and intermittent/steady FR) of imatinib-associated FR are observed and each type requires different management.Publication Change in Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in response to immune checkpoint blockade for metastatic renal cell carcinoma(BioMed Central, 2018) Lalani, Aly-Khan A.; Xie, Wanling; Martini, Dylan J.; Steinharter, John A.; Norton, Craig K.; Krajewski, Katherine; Duquette, Audrey; Bossé, Dominick; Bellmunt, Joaquim; Van Allen, Eliezer; McGregor, Bradley A.; Creighton, Chad J.; Harshman, Lauren C.; Choueiri, Toni K.Background: An elevated Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with worse outcomes in several malignancies. However, its role with contemporary immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is unknown. We investigated the utility of NLR in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 ICB. Methods: We examined NLR at baseline and 6 (±2) weeks later in 142 patients treated between 2009 and 2017 at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, USA). Landmark analysis at 6 weeks was conducted to explore the prognostic value of relative NLR change on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR). Cox and logistic regression models allowed for adjustment of line of therapy, number of IMDC risk factors, histology and baseline NLR. Results: Median follow up was 16.6 months (range: 0.7–67.8). Median duration on therapy was 5.1 months (<1–61.4). IMDC risk groups were: 18% favorable, 60% intermediate, 23% poor-risk. Forty-four percent were on first-line ICB and 56% on 2nd line or more. Median NLR was 3.9 (1.3–42.4) at baseline and 4.1 (1.1–96.4) at week 6. Patients with a higher baseline NLR showed a trend toward lower ORR, shorter PFS, and shorter OS. Higher NLR at 6 weeks was a significantly stronger predictor of all three outcomes than baseline NLR. Relative NLR change by ≥25% from baseline to 6 weeks after ICB therapy was associated with reduced ORR and an independent prognostic factor for PFS (p < 0.001) and OS (p = 0.004), whereas a decrease in NLR by ≥25% was associated with improved outcomes. Conclusions: Early decline and NLR at 6 weeks are associated with significantly improved outcomes in mRCC patients treated with ICB. The prognostic value of the readily-available NLR warrants larger, prospective validation.Publication Mass Compression from Recurrent Lymphoma Mimicking Lower Extremity Cellulitis(Cureus, 2018) Li, David G; Krajewski, Katherine; Mostaghimi, ArashCellulitis is a common skin and soft tissue infection with substantial misdiagnosis rates due to its nonspecific clinical characteristics. In this report, we present a patient with recurrent metastatic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) masquerading as a unilateral lower extremity cellulitis. A 62-year-old man with a history of DLBCL, in remission for two years, presented with a two-week history of swelling and erythema of the right thigh and leg. Despite treatment with clindamycin and cephalexin, the redness and swelling continued to progress. On presentation to the emergency department, vitals were within normal limits, laboratory workup was significant only for borderline anemia and thrombocytopenia, and bilateral lower extremity ultrasound was negative for a clot. The patient was evaluated by a dermatologist who recommended further imaging workup for proximal vascular compression given the uniformity of inflammation and edema in the absence of fever or systemic symptoms. Imaging revealed retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, right pelvic side wall and right inguinal lymphadenopathy, an intramuscular lymphomatous involvement of the right iliopsoas muscle, and mass compression of the right external iliac vein. Bone marrow and soft-tissue biopsies confirmed recurrent and metastatic DLBCL. In this patient, the atypical cellulitis-like features are likely due to venous and lymphatic obstruction secondary to mass effect from metastasis. Going forward, clinicians should consider compression-induced edema as a sign of primary or recurrent malignancy in patients with refractory or atypical cellulitis.Publication Clinical and radiologic features of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma including initial presentation, local recurrence, and metastases(Versita, Warsaw, 2014) Kapoor, Neena; Shinagare, Atul; Jagannathan, Jyothi; Shah, Shaan H.; Krajewski, Katherine; Hornick, Jason; Ramaiya, Nikhil H.Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and imaging features of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) including initial presentation, recurrence, and metastases. Patients and methods. In this institutional review board-approved retrospective study, imaging features of 13 patients with pathologically proven EMC seen from August 1995 to December 2011 were analyzed. The group included 3 women and 10 men and the mean age was 54 years (range 29–73 years). Imaging studies were evaluated by two radiologists in consensus. Location, size, and imaging features of primary tumors were recorded as well as the presence of recurrent disease and location of metastases. Results: Among 13 patients, 3 died during the timeframe of this study. Nine patients had primary tumor in the lower extremity, and average tumor size was 9.3 cm (range 3.3–18 cm). On MRI, primary tumors were hyperintense on T2, isointense to muscle on T1, and demonstrated peripheral/septal enhancement. Three patients had local recurrence and 12 had metastatic disease, with lung involvement being the most common. Tumor density on contrast enhanced CT ranged from 8.2 to 82.9 Hounsfield unit (HU). FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed in 3 patients. One patient had no FDG avid disease and 2 patients had metastatic disease with standard uptake values (SUV) of 2.8 and 7.4. The patient with intense FDG uptake demonstrated more solid appearing tumor burden and had the shortest survival. Conclusions: EMC is a rare tumor that often occurs in the lower extremities and frequently metastasizes to the lungs. Increased tumor density and increased FDG uptake may be related to more aggressive disease.Publication Extracutaneous melanomas: a primer for the radiologist(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015) Keraliya, Abhishek R.; Krajewski, Katherine; Braschi-Amirfarzan, Marta; Tirumani, Sree Harsha; Shinagare, Atul B.; Jagannathan, Jyothi; Ramaiya, Nikhil H.Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the imaging features of extracutaneous melanomas. Conclusion: Extracutaneous melanomas are clinically and biologically distinct from their more common cutaneous counterpart with higher frequency of metastatic disease and poorer overall prognosis. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice whenever possible; systemic therapy in the form of conventional chemotherapeutic agents as well as novel targeted agents is used for advanced/ metastatic disease. Multiple imaging modalities including US, CT, MRI and FDG-PET/CT play important roles in the evaluation of the primary tumour, assessment of metastatic disease and monitoring response to treatment. Radiologists should be aware of the typical imaging manifestations of extracutaneous melanoma, the distinct patterns of metastatic involvement as well as treatment response and toxicities associated with newer molecular targeted and immunotherapies to optimally contribute to patient management. Teaching points • Mucosal melanoma is clinically and biologically distinct from cutaneous melanoma. • Mucosal melanoma has a higher rate of metastatic disease than the cutaneous subtype. • Imaging is helpful in assessment of disease and response to treatment.Publication T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Spectrum of Disease and the Role of Imaging in the Management of Common Subtypes(The Korean Society of Radiology, 2017) Park, Hye Sun; McIntosh, Lacey; Braschi-Amirfarzan, Marta; Shinagare, Atul B.; Krajewski, KatherineT-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are biologically diverse, uncommon malignancies characterized by a spectrum of imaging findings according to subtype. The purpose of this review is to describe the common subtypes of T-cell NHL, highlight important differences between cutaneous, various peripheral and precursor subtypes, and summarize imaging features and the role of imaging in the management of this diverse set of diseases.Publication Radiology Consultation in the Era of Precision Oncology: A Review of Consultation Models and Services in the Tertiary Setting(The Korean Society of Radiology, 2017) DiPiro, Pamela; Krajewski, Katherine; Giardino, Angela; Braschi-Amirfarzan, Marta; Ramaiya, Nikhil H.The purpose of the article is to describe the various radiology consultation models in the Era of Precision Medicine. Since the inception of our specialty, radiologists have served as consultants to physicians of various disciplines. A variety of radiology consultation services have been described in the literature, including clinical decision support, patient-centric, subspecialty interpretation, and/or some combination of these. In oncology care in particular, case complexity often merits open dialogue with clinical providers. To explore the utility and impact of radiology consultation services in the academic setting, this article will further describe existing consultation models and the circumstances that precipitated their development. The hybrid model successful at our tertiary cancer center is discussed. In addition, the contributions of a consultant radiologist in breast cancer care are reviewed as the archetype of radiology consultation services provided to oncology practitioners.